Statistical analysis software for the social sciences
SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) is a software program used by researchers in various disciplines for quantitative analysis of complex data. It is possible to conduct most of the analyses required for meta-analysis studies using IBM SPSS Statistics with Version 28 (SPSS28). The trial version of SPSS28 can be downloaded from the official website (https://www.ibm.com/products/spss-statistics) (accessed on 31 July 2022). _x000D_ _x000D_ There are three main submenus under the Meta Analysis menu of SPSS28: Continuous Outcomes, Binary Outcomes, and Meta Regression. Users can perform meta-analysis with either continuous or binary outcomes on raw data. In addition, similar analyses can be performed when the pre-calculated effect size data are available with continuous or binary outcomes. These are presented in the Continuous Outcomes and Binary Outcomes submenus. The users with summary data (e.g., N, mean, and SD) should use the Raw Data submenu, and the users with pre-calculated effect sizes (ES and its variance) should use the Pre-calculated Effect Size submenu. Both fixed-effect and random-effects models are available under the model section. Users can also conduct subgroup analyses under these menus
